Songs of the Suffragettes


Songs of the Suffragettes in the United States of America

Breve storia del Movimento delle Suffragette in USA

"Il diritto di voto dei cittadini degli Stati Uniti non potrà essere negato o limitato dagli Stati Uniti o da qualsiasi Stato a causa del sesso". -19º Emendamento della Costituzione.

Con queste poche e semplici parole, adottate dal popolo degli Stati Uniti attraverso il Congresso e le legislature statali nel 1920, le donne americane ottennero il diritto di voto.

La lotta per il suffragio femminile in America è in realtà più antica della nascita degli Stati Uniti d'America come stato indipendente e sovrano (1776). La prima richiesta di voto per le donne fu avanzata da Margaret Brent nel Maryland nel 1647. Per i 200 anni successivi, tuttavia, il suffragio femminile rimase una questione secondaria, mentre l'America combatteva la battaglia per l'indipendenza nazionale.

Il successivo importante passo avanti nel movimento per il suffragio femminile avvenne con l'emergere della grande agitazione antischiavista degli anni Trenta del XIX secolo. La naturale affinità ideologica delle due cause fu accentuata dal ruolo attivo e di primo piano svolto da molte donne nel movimento abolizionista. Nel 1840, Lucretia Mott ed Elizabeth Cody Stanton erano tra i delegati americani alla prima Convenzione mondiale antischiavista di Londra. La presenza di queste donne provocò un tumulto nell'assemblea e, dopo un intenso e acrimonioso dibattito, la Convenzione rifiutò di farle sedere come delegate. Fieramente determinata, l'intera delegazione americana alla Convenzione si rifiutò di partecipare e prese posto in galleria per il resto dei lavori.

I piani per un nuovo passo nella battaglia maturarono solo nel 1848, quando Lucretia Mott ed Elisabeth Cady Stanton convocarono la prima Convenzione americana per i diritti della donna a Seneca Falls, New York. Nel 1852, i gruppi per i diritti delle donne in molte parti del Paese tenevano convegni locali.

Nonostante questa attività diffusa, la monumentale lotta contro la schiavitù eclissò il movimento per i diritti delle donne fino a dopo la guerra civile.

Con la fine della guerra e l'emancipazione degli schiavi neri, il movimento per il suffragio fece un gigantesco balzo in avanti. È significativo che le prime canzoni di suffragio di cui si ha traccia appaiano solo dopo il 1865, a dimostrazione del fatto che nel periodo successivo alla guerra civile si raggiunse un livello di agitazione di massa mai avvenuto prima. Alla maggior parte delle leader dei diritti delle donne apparve subito chiaro che la questione chiave era il suffragio. La causa dell'uguaglianza tra i sessi e dei diritti individuali e umani generali delle donne sarebbe stata ovviamente meglio portata avanti attraverso il potere delle donne alle urne. Di conseguenza, si sviluppò una campagna per il diritto di voto delle donne, che divenne la richiesta principale di tutti i sostenitori dei diritti delle donne. Nel 1869, Elisabeth Cady Stanton e Susan B. Anthony contribuirono a fondare la National Woman Suffrage Association. Il loro obiettivo era quello di lavorare per un emendamento alla Costituzione federale che concedesse il voto alle donne. Allo stesso tempo, un altro gruppo influente e impegnato di suffragette riteneva che gli emendamenti alle varie costituzioni statali sarebbero stati un modo migliore per ottenere il voto. Così, sotto la guida di Lucy Stone e Julia Hard Hove (l'autrice di "Battle Hymn of the Republic"), nel 1869 nacque l'American Human Suffrage Association. I due gruppi si fusero infine nel 1890.

Nel 1838, lo Stato del Kentucky aveva concesso alle madri vedove dei distretti di contea il diritto di votare per gli amministratori scolastici. Sulla base dello stesso principio generale, secondo il quale l'educazione dei bambini era di competenza delle donne, il Kansas, nel 1561, concesse il diritto di suffragio scolastico a tutte le donne dello Stato. Ma nel 1869, il territorio del Wyoming adottò una costituzione la cui prima clausola garantiva "uguali diritti politici a tutti i cittadini maschi e femmine". Per la prima volta sul suolo americano, uomini e donne potevano votare per i loro funzionari eletti. Con questo importante passo avanti, il Wyoming divenne un simbolo luminoso per la causa del suffragio.

Quando il Congresso, nel 1890, prese in considerazione la candidatura del Wyoming come Stato, gli anti-suffragisti si resero conto di quale pericoloso precedente si sarebbe creato se il Wyoming fosse diventato uno Stato. Gli oppositori del suffragio femminile, quindi, intrapresero un'accesa battaglia per convincere il Wyoming a cambiare la sua Costituzione. I delegati del Wyoming risposero: "Rimarremo fuori dall'Unione per cento anni piuttosto che rientrare senza il suffragio femminile". Nel 1893, il Colorado, allora governato dal Partito Populista, divenne il secondo Stato a promulgare il suffragio femminile. Il voto alle donne diventa una delle principali questioni nazionali del periodo 1900-1920: è l'epoca delle parate femminili, delle manifestazioni con le fiaccole, delle suffragette che si incatenano ai pali della luce.

Il 4 giugno 1919 il Congresso approvò il Women's Suffrage Amendment (l'Emendamento sul suffragio femminile) e lo inviò agli Stati per la ratifica. L'emendamento divenne parte della Costituzione il 26 agosto 1920.

Songs of the Suffragettes - copyright Folkways Records album No. FH 5281, 1958.

Songs of the Suffragettes in the United States of America

A Brief History of the Women's Suffrage Movement

"The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." -19th Amendment to the Constitution-

With those few simple words, adopted by the people of a the United States through their Congress and State Legislatures in 1920, American women gained the right to vote.

The struggle for woman suffrage in America is actually older then the country, the United States of America, as an indipendent and sovereign State (1776). The first recorded demand for votes for women was made by Margaret Brent in Maryland in 1647. For the next 200 years, however, woman suffrage remained a minor issue as America fought the battle for national independence.

The next important step forward in the woman suffrage movement came with the emergence of the great antislavery agitation of the 1830's. The natural ideological affinity of the two causes was heightened by the active and leading role played by many women in the Abolitionist movement. In 1840, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were among the American delegates to the first World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. The presence of these women caused an uproar in the assembly and, after a Good deal of acrimonious and intensive debate, the Convention refused to seat them as delegates. Undaunted, the entire American delegation to the Convention refused to take part and took seats in the gallery for the remainder of the proceedings.

The plans for a new step in the battle did not mature until 1848, however, when Lucretia Mott and Elisabeth Cady Stanton called the first American Woman's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York . By 1852, women's rights groups in many parts of the country were holding local conventions.

Despite this widespread activity, the monumental struggle against slavery eclipsed the women's rights movement until after the Civil War.

With the end of the war and the Emancipation of the Black slaves, the suffrage movement took a gigantic leap forward. It is significant that the first suffrage songs of which we have any record do not appear until after 1865 indicating that a level of mass agitation had been reached in the post Civil War period unlike anything achieved before. It soon became apparent to most of the women's rights leaders that the key issue was suffrage. The cause of equality between the sexes and the general individual and human rights of women would obviously best be advanced through women's power at the polls. Accordingly, a campaign for the right of women to vote developed and became the over-riding demand of all women' s rights advocates. In 1869, Elisabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony helped to found the National Woman Suffrage Association. Their aim was to work for an amendment to the Federal Constitution granting women the vote. At the same time, another influential and devoted group of suffragists believed that amendments to the various state constitutions would be a better way of winning the vote. And so, under the leadership of Lucy Stone and Julia Hard Hove (the author of "Battle Hymn of the Republic), the American Human Suffrage Association was born also in 1869. The two groups finally merged in 1890.

In 1838, the state of Kentucky had granted widowed mothers in county districts the right to vote for school trustees. Operating on the same general principle -- that the education of children was the proper concern of women -- Kansas, in 1561, granted school suffrage rights to all women in the state. But in 1869, The territory of Wyoming adopted a constitution, the very first clause of which guaranteed "equal political rights for all male and female citizens." For the first time anywhere on American soil, men and women both could vote for their elected officials. With this major break through, Wyoming became a shining symbol for the suffrage cause.

When Congress, in 1890, was considering Wyoming's application as a State, the anti-suffragists realized what a dangerous precedent would be set were Wyoming to became a state. The opponents of woman suffrage, therefore, put up a heated battle to get Wyoming to change its Constitution. The Wyoming's delegates answered: "We will remain out of the Union s hundred years rather than come in without woman suffrage." In 1893, Colorado, then governed by the Populist Party, became the second state to enact woman suffrage. Votes for women become one of the major national issues of the 1900-1920 period. This is the era of the woman's parades, of the torchlight demonstrations, of the suffragettes chaining themselves to lamp-posts.

On June 4, 1919, Congress passed the Women's Suffrage Amendment and sent it on to the states for ratification. The Amendment became a part of the Constitution on August 26, 1920.

Songs of the Suffragettes - copyright Folkways Records album No. FH 5281, 1958.


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    • Columbia's Daughters


      ... Hark the sound. of myriad voices

      Rising in their might!

      'Tis the daugters of Columbia

      Pleading for the right.

        CHORUS:

        Raise the flag and plant the standard,

        wave the signal still;

        Brothers, we must share your freedom,

        Help us, and we will.

      Think it not an idle murmur,

      You who hear the cry;

      'Tis a plea for human freedom

      Hallowed liberty!

        (CHORUS)

      O our country, glorious nation,

      Greatest of them all!

      Give unto thy daughters justice,

      Or thy pride will fall.

        (CHORUS)

      Great Republic: to thy watchword

      Wouldst thou faithful be,

      All beneath thy starry banner

      Must alike be free.

        (CHORUS)


      Uncle Sam's Wedding


      Of all the songs that have been sung

      Within the States and nation,

      There's none that comes so near the heart

      as "Uncle Sam's" relation.

      "Yankee Doodle" is his name,

      U. S. his honored station;

      Red and white and starry blue

      His garb on each occasion.

      When Uncle Sam set up his house,

      He welcomed every brother,

      But in the haste of his new life

      He quite forgot his mother.

      Now his house is up in arms,

      A keeper he must find him,

      To sweep and duet and set to rights

      The tangles all about him.

      Uncle Sam is long in years

      And he is growing wiser;

      He now can see 'twas a mistake

      To have no Miss-advisor.

      His nephews now have got the reins,

      And looking o'er their shoulder --

      Shout to lonely Uncle Sam,

      "Goodbye, old man, forever."

      Now we're here dear Uncle Sam

      To help you in your trouble;

      And the first thing best to do

      Is making you a double.

      Yankee Doodle will be glad,

      To join with us in spreading

      The news abroad o'er all the land

      Of Uncle Sam's great wedding.



      I have a neighbor, one of those

      Not very hard to find,

      Who know it all without debate

      And never change their mind.

      I asked him "What of woman's rights?"

      He said in tones severe:

      "My mind on that is all made up,

      Keep woman in her sphere."

      I saw a man in tattered garb

      Forth from the grog-shop come;

      He squandered all his cash for drink,

      And starved his wife at home;

      I asked him "Should not women vote?" He answered with a sneer:

      "I've taught my wife to know her place,

      Keep woman in her sphere."

      I met an earnest, thoughtful man,

      Not many days ago,

      Who pondered deep all human law

      The honest truth to know;

      I asked him "What of woman's cause?"

      The answer came sincere:

      "Her rights are just the same as mine,

      Let woman choose her sphere."



      Men tell us 'tis fit that wives should submit

      to their husbands submissively, weakly;

      Tho' whatever they say, their wives should obey

      Unquestioning, stupidly, meekly.

      Our husbands would make us their own dictum take

      Without ever wherefore or why for it.

      But I don't and I can't and I won't and I shan't,

      No I will speak my mind if I die for it.

      For we know it's all fudge to say man's the best judge

      Of what should be and shouldn't, and so on.

      That woman should bow, nor attempt to soy how

      She considers that matters should go on.

      I never yet gave up myself thus a slave,

      However my husband might try for it;

      For I can't and I won't, and I shan't and I don't,

      But l will speak my mind if l die for it.

      And all ladies I hope who've with husbands to cope,

      With the the rights of the sex will not trifle.

      We all, if we choose, our tongues but to use,

      Can all opposition soon stifle;

      Let man, if he will, then bid us be still

      And silent, a price he'll pay high for it.

      For we won't and we can't and we don't and we shan't,

      Let us all speak our minds if we die for it.


      The Taxation Tiranny


      To tax one who's not represented

      Is tyranny -- tell if you can

      Why woman should not have the ballot?

      She's taxed just the same as a man.

      King George, you remember, denied us

      The ballot, but sent us the tea.

      And we, without asking a question,

      Just tumbled it into the sea.

        CHORUS:

        Then to justice let's ever be true,

        To each citizen render his due.

        Equal rights s and protection forever

        To all 'heath the Red, White and Blue!

      That one man shall all not rule another,

      Unless by other's consent,

      Is the principle deep underlying

      The framework of this governament.

      So, as woman is punished for breaking

      The laws which she cannot gainsay,

      Let us give her s voice in the making,

      Or ask her no more to obey.


      The Promised Land


      Our years of wandering o'er ,

      We great with joy this radiant shore;

      The promised land of liberty,

      The dawn of freedom's morn we see.

      O promised land, we enter in,

      with "Peace on earth, good-will to men;"

      The "Golden Age" now comes again,

      As breaketh every bond and chain;

      while every race and sect and clime

      Shall equal share in this glad time.

      Toilers in many fields have come

      with sheaves tor this, our "Harvest Home",

      While spirits true in every age

      Have won for us this heritage.

      O golden dawn, O promised day,

      When error's lost in truth's clear ray,

      When all shall know that God is love,

      His kingdom hero, around above,

      The world one equal brotherhood,

      And evil overcame with good.

      Then onward march in truth's crusade,

      Earth's faltering ones implore our aid,

      Elis: children of our schools end State,

      This coming of the mothers wait.

      O doubting hearts! O tempted ones!

      The shadows fade, the sunshine comes!

      Freedom for each is best for all,

      The "Golden Rule" our bugle call;

      And as to victory on we move,

      The banner over us is love.


      The Suffrage Flag


      There is a band of women,

      And to our manor born,

      Emerging from the darkness past

      and looking toward the morn;

      Their mothers labored, waited through

      a night 'without a star.

      The morning shows the suffrage flag

      that bears the woman's star.

        CHORUS:

        Hurrah! Hurrah! For equal rights Hurrah!

        Hurrah! For the suffrage flag

        that bears the woman's star!

      This band is for all reforms,

      war shall be at an end,

      Bayonets and swords shall rust,

      We'll use the brain, the pen

      Laden with precious freight now

      thunders on the progress car,

      At the headlight waves the suffrage flag

      that bears the woman's star.

        CHORUS:

      The ship of State for ages was

      guided by starlight,

      Till the cluster in our flag

      almost dispelled the night.

      'Tis freedom's day - our flag shall be

      A sun no night can mar,

      We'll add the light of the suffrage flag

      that bears the woman's star.

        (CHORUS)

      Thus evolves the greatest triumph

      of dual human race,

      Church and State, the home and school,

      and law and love embrace.

      We'll have a perfect nation,

      we'll march from near and far

      To glory 'neath the Stars and Stripes

      it shall bear the woman's star.

        FINAL CHORUS:

        Hurrah! Hurrah! For equal rights hurrah!

        Hurrah! For the Stars and Stripes it shall bear the woman's star!


      Winning The Vote


      BOYS:

      I've been down to Madison

      To see the folks and sights;

      You'd laugh, I'm sure, to hear them talk

      About the women's rights.

      Now 'tis just as plain as my old hat,

      That's plain as plain can be

      That if the women want the vote,

      They'll get no help from me.

      Not from Joe, not from Joe;

      If he knows it, not from Joseph;

      No, no, no, not from Joe;

      Not from me, I tell you no!


      GIRLS: Say, friend Joseph, why not we

      Should vote as well as you?

      Are there no problems in the State

      That need our wisdom too?

      We must pay our taxes same as you;

      As citizens be true.

      And if some wicked thing we do,

      To jail we're sent by you.

      Yes we are, same as you;

      And you know it, don't you Joseph?

      Yes you do, yet you boast:

      You'll not help us win the vote.


      BOYS:

      But dear women, can't you see,

      Your home is your true sphere?

      Just think of going to the polls

      Perhaps two times a year.

      You are wasting time you ought to use

      In sewing and at work,

      Your home neglected all those hours;

      Would you such duties shirk?

      Help from Joe? Help from Joe?

      If he knows it, not from Joseph;

      No, no, no, not from Joe;

      not from me, I tell you no:


      GIRLS:

      Joseph, tell us something new;

      We're tired of that old song:

      We'll sew the seams and cook the meals,

      To vote won't take us long.

      We will help clean house, the one too large,

      For man to clean alone,

      The State and Nation, don't you see,

      When we the vote have won.

      Yes we wiII, and you'll help,

      For you'll need our help, friend Joseph;

      Yes you will, when we're in,

      So you'd better help us win.


      BOYS:

      You're just right, how blind I've been,

      I ne'er had seen it thus;

      'Tis true that taxes you must pay

      Without a word of fuss;

      You are subject to the laws men made,

      And yet no word or note,

      Can you sing out where it will count.

      I'll help you win the vote!

      Yes I will. (GIRLS) Thank you Joe.

      (ALL) We'll together soon be voters;

      Yes we will, if you'll all

      vote "Yes" at the polls next fall.



    • Bring the good old bugle, boys!

      We'll sing another song

      Sing it with a spirit that shall

      Start the cause along.

      Sing it as we ought to sing it,

      Cheerily and strong,

      Giving the ballot to the mothers.

        CHORUS

        Hurrah! Hurrah! We bring the Jubilee!

        Hurrah! Hurrah! The homes they shall be free!

        So we'll sing the chorus from the mountains to the sea--

        Giving the ballot to the mother.

      Bring the dear old banner, boys

      And fling it to the wind;

      Mother, wife and daughter,

      Let it shelter and defend.

      "Equal Rights" our motto is,

      We're loyal to the end.

      Giving the ballot to the mothers.

        (CHORUS)


      Song Of The Wyoming


      From Wyoming's rocky valley

      to the wild New Hampshire hills,

      From our northern lakes of silver

      to the sunny southern rills,

      Lo! the clarion call of Freedom

      all the listening silence thrills!

      He have heard the voice of Freedom

      from that far off western shore,

      We have heard the echoes calling, as our fathers heard of yore,

      Let us sing its stirring music,

      "Equal rights forevermore!"

      We have watched the dawning splendor

      of a promise in the skies,

      We have heard His accents tender,

      "Lo! ye faithful ones arise!"

      "Who would equal justice render,

      I will never more despise."


      Going To The Polls


      If the men should see the women

      Going to the polls,

      To put down the liquor traffic,

      Need it vex their souls?

      If we're angels, as they tell us,

      Can we once suppose

      That all the men would frown on us

      When going to the polls?

        CHORUS:

        We love our boys, our household joys!

        We love our girls as well;

        The law of love is from above,

        'Gainst that we ne'er rebel.

      No discharge have Christian women

      From the war with sin;

      At the polls with Gog and Magog

      Must the fight begin.

      Since we've Bible-marching orders,

      Need it fright our souls,

      Though all the men should frown on

      When going to the polls?

        (CHORUS)


      Where Are Your Boys Today?


      Where are your wand'ring boys today,

      The boys of many a home,

      Whose feet have trodden the wilds away,

      As over the earth they roam?

        CHORUS:

        O, where are your boys today?

        O, where are your boys today?

        You love them full well --

        Why will you not tell?

        O, where ore your boys today?!

      Ask of the winds that doth strew around

      The sounds of the melody,

      As the cup is passed midst the fateful sound

      Of the midnight's revelry.

        (CHORUS)

      Where are the manly souls today,

      Who once were the joy and pride

      Of the hearts that were gay as the birdlings lay

      On the morn they were pledged a bride?

        (CHORUS)

      Ask of the cold and the cheerless rooms --

      of the little ones there unfed;

      ask of the mounds in the silent glooms,

      Where hearts lie broken and dead.

        (CHORUS)

      We still are calling on you today,

      To save our boys and yours;

      Give us the right the hands to stay,

      From the wine cup's dread allures.

        FINAL CHORUS:

        We will save your boys today!

        He will save your boys today!

        The story we'll tell --

        Bow we love them so well,

        We will save your boys today!


      The Yellow Ribbon


      'Tis just a hundred years ago

      our mothers and our sires

      Lit up, for all the world to see,

      the flame of freedom's fires;

      Through bloodshed and through hardship

      they labored in the fight;

      Today we women labor still

      for Liberty and Right.

        Oh, we wear a yellow ribbon

        upon our woman's breast,

        He are prouder of its sunny hue

        than of a royal crest;

        'Twas God's own primal color,

        born of purity and light,

        We wear it now for Liberty,

        for Justice and for Right.

      We boast our land of freedom,

      the unshackling of the slaves;

      We point with proud, though bleeding hearts,

      to myriads of graves.

      They tell the story of a war

      than ended Slavery's night;

      And still we women struggle for

      our Liberty, our Right.

        Oh, we wear a yellow ribbon

        upon our woman's breast,

        He are prouder of its sunny hue

        than of a royal crest;

        'Twas God's own primal color,

        born of purity and light,

        We wear it now for Liberty,

        for Justice and for Right.



      Our hearts have felt the glory

      of the coming of the time,

      When law and right and love and might

      shall make our land sublime,

      When mount and hill and rock and rill

      with freedom's light will shine,

      As Truth comes marching on.

        CHORUS:

        Glory, glory, hallelujah!

        Glory, glory, hallelujah!

        Glory, glory, hallelujah!

        As Truth comes marching on.

      They saw it in the shadows

      of that old New England Bay,

      They heard it in the breezes

      of that cold December day.

      They sent it with the echoes

      to Britannia far away,

      That Truth was marching on.

      Columbia's daughters saw it when

      their brothers sprang to arms,

      They heard it in the booming

      of battle's rude alarms,

      They read it in the shadows

      of the dreary night's dead calms,

      That Truth was marching on.

        (CHORUS)

      The trumpet then was sounded

      that shall never call retreat;

      Adown the cent'ries softly

      we hear the tramp of feet;

      Today we still are marching

      to the same old music sweet,

      Of Truth still marching on.

        (CHORUS)

      We're here to swell the anthem

      that is heard across the sea,

      That equal rights in law and love

      is meant for you and me,

      Where every law was founded

      on the plane of liberty

      While Truth came marching on.

        (CHORUS)


      Oh, Dear What Can The Matter Be?


      Oh dear, what can the matter be?

      Dear, dear, what can the matter be?

      Oh, dear, what can the matter be?

      Women are wanting to vote.

      Women have husbands, they are protected,

      Women have sons by whom they're directed,

      Women have fathers, they're not neglected,

      Why are they wanting to vote?

      Women have homes, there they should labor,

      Women have children, whom they should favor,

      Women have time to learn of each neighbor,

      Why are they wanting to vote?

      Women can dress, they love society,

      Women have cash, with its variety,

      Women can pray, with sweetest piety,

      Why are they wanting to vote?

      Women are preaching to Sinners today,

      Women are healing the sick by the way,

      Women are dealing out law as they may,

      Why are they wanting to vote?

      Women are trav'ling about, here and there,

      Women are working like men everywhere,

      Women are crowding, then claiming 'tis fair,

      Why are they wanting to vote?

      Women have reared all the sons of the brave,

      Women have shared in the burdens they gave,

      Women have labored your country to save,

      That's why we're wanting to vote!

      Uh dear, what can the matter be?

      Dear, dear, what can the matter be?

      Oh dear, what can the matter be?

      When men want every vote.


      The New America


      Our country, now from thee

      Claim we our liberty,

      In freedom's name.

      Guarding home's alter fires,

      Daughters of patriot sires,

      Their seal our own inspires

      Justice to claim.

      Women in every age

      For this great heritage

      Tribute have paid.

      Our birth-right claim we now --

      Longer refuse to bow;

      On freedom's alter now

      Our hand is laid.

      Sons, will you longer see,

      Mothers on bended knee

      For justice pray?

      Rise now, in manhood's might,

      with earth's great souls unite

      To speed the dawning light

      Of freedom's day.